Tribological Properties of Dimer Acid Ionic Liquids as Lubricant Additives in Water-Based Fluid

ZHANG Mingjian; CHEN Yunlong; LI Weimin; CHENG Shunfeng

doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2023206

TRIBOLOGY > 2024 > 44(12): 1739-1751. > DOI: 10.16078/j.tribology.2023206

ZHANG Mingjian, CHEN Yunlong, LI Weimin, CHENG Shunfeng. Tribological Properties of Dimer Acid Ionic Liquids as Lubricant Additives in Water-Based Fluid[J]. Tribology, 2024, 44(12): 1739−1751. DOI: 10.16078/j.tribology.2023206

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Tribological Properties of Dimer Acid Ionic Liquids as Lubricant Additives in Water-Based Fluid

ZHANG Mingjian^{1, 2},
CHEN Yunlong^2, ,,
LI Weimin^{2, 3, ,},
CHENG Shunfeng¹

1.
College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agriculture University, Shandong Qingdao 266041, China;
2.
State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Gansu Lanzhou 730000, China;
3.
Zibo Innovation Center of High-End Synthetic Lubricating Materials, Shandong Zibo 255000, China

Funds: This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51975560), Key Program of the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJZLZD-1), and Taishan Scholar Project and Shandong Province Key R&D Program(2020CXGC011002).

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Corresponding author:
CHEN Yunlong, E-mail: ylchen@licap.cas.cn

LI Weimin, E-mail: liwm@licp.cas.cn, Tel: +86-13646399078
Received Date: September 27, 2023
Revised Date: January 14, 2024
Accepted Date: January 15, 2024
Available Online: August 11, 2024
Published Date: December 27, 2024

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

In this study, four ammonium carboxylate-type ionic liquids (CAILs) were synthesized with four dicarboxylic acids and diisopropanolamine and used as water-based lubricant additives, with their tribological performance and lubrication mechanisms investigated. Infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were used to show that the synthesized CAILs additives had well-defined molecular structures. The four CAILs had been shown to have good solubility and dispersion stability in water-diethylene glycol (WDG) solution. Tribological tests of the four CAILs in WDG were carried out using a TE77 long-range reciprocating friction tester to evaluate the lubrication performance of them as additives in a ball-and-disc configuration for steel-steel sliding contacts. The four CAILs reduced the friction coefficients of the WDG base fluid to varying extents but only the dimeric acid ionic liquids (DC₃₆-DIPA) effectively reduced the wear volume, suggesting that DC₃₆-DIPA possessed the best friction reduction and anti-wear performance under the studied conditions. The influence of concentration of DC₃₆-DIPA was further examined at four concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% (mass fraction). Results showed that the friction coefficients did not show any significant difference, a concentration of 0.5% DC₃₆-DIPA exhibited the smallest wear volume. This suggested that the concentration could significantly affect the anti-wear performance of the water-based lubricants. It may be related to the change of molecular structure and existing status of DC₃₆-DIPA in the base fluid with effects such as self-assembly. To verify this speculation, small angle scattering (SAXS) tests were performed. It was found that DC₃₆-DIPA exhibited scattering differences at different concentrations, which may indicate that DC₃₆-DIPA exists in different molecular morphology in the solution. It may undergo a transition from vesicle to micelle for the four concentrations. This could be the main reason for the large difference in the anti-wear performance of DC₃₆-DIPA at different concentrations. In addition, the DC₃₆-DIPA additive in the WDG could with stand loads of at least 500 N, and it exhibited low and stable friction coefficients in the 50~500 N range. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the wear surfaces lubricated with the WDG base fluid and 0.5% DC₃₆-DIPA. Compared to the base fluid, the wear track produced by 0.5% DC₃₆-DIPA was narrower, more uniform and more smooth. QCM tests demonstrated that the WDG base fluid produced obvious physical adsorption, and the addition of DC₃₆-DIPA in WDG had negligible effect on the adsorption. In addition, the XPS analysis results also showed that a generation of tribo-film with iron oxides as the main component in the presence of DC₃₆-DIPA. FIB-TEM results showed that the thickness of the film was 60~70 nm. In conclusion, DC₃₆-DIPA had excellent friction reduction and load-carrying capacity performances, which could be mainly attributed to the physical/chemical adsorption of polar groups -COO⁻ in DC₃₆-DIPA. The excellent anti-wear performance was due to the tribo-chemical reaction between DC₃₆-DIPA molecules and the steel disc, which generated a tribo-film of rather uniform thickness. This study provided an example as a reference for the research and application of ionic liquids in the field of water lubrication.
- ionic liquids,
- adsorption,
- tribo-chemical reaction,
- tribological mechanism

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References (43)

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Tribological Properties of Dimer Acid Ionic Liquids as Lubricant Additives in Water-Based Fluid