Abstract: PVA hydrogel exhibits some mechanical properties that are consistent with that of human cartilage and it has superior biocompatibility. It has been proposed as a promising biomaterial for artificial articular cartilage. This paper reviews recent advances in the biotribology of PVA hydrogel. Emphasis is placed on the influences of lubricant, friction counterpart, friction motion model, PVA characteristics, loads and matrix property to the biotribological property of the PVA hydrogel. Moreover, some key issues concerning the research on biotribology of PVA hydrogel are suggested. And it is suggested to focus on the wear mechanism of hydrogel by considering synergistic effects of varies factors, friction and wear simulation system, synergistic effects of main ingredients in the lubricant on the friction and wear properties of PVA hydrogel, and lubrication mechanism of the synovia.