Abstract: A kind of brake material on some model planes was made by powder metallurgy process. The material was used to analyze the relationship between brake conditions on friction coefficient and abrasion rate. The material surface before and after experiments were analyzed through metallographic analysis by optical microscopy, and the surface microstructure was also analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The results show that, with the increasement of energy absorption in unit area, the friction coefficients of materials decreased, wear rates increased, and temperature of friction surface rose. Microstructure of materials was mainly composed of coarse thin pearlite and bulk ferrite before experiment, the content of thin pearlite was obviously raised and thinner due to increase of absorption energy after experiment. At the same time, analysis of composition indicates that the high-valence iron oxide of friction surface had a higher content with increasement of braking energy.