Abstract: Through change the oxidation stability of the carbide, the influence of the stability of eutectic carbide and the cooperation of eutectic carbide and matrix on the abrasive wear resistance of high Cr Ni cast alloys at elevated temperature has been investigated. The high temperature abrasive wear test was carried out on a high temperature friction and wear test rig whose test atmosphere can be controlled. The chemical compositions of the oxidized alloy surface were determined with an energy dispersive X ray analyzer. The cross section morphologies of the worn surfaces of various alloys were observed with a scanning electron microscope. The results show that in atmosphere both oxidation stability of the carbide and the cooperation of carbide and matrix play a key role in the abrasive wear resistance. In usual Cr Ni alloy, the oxidation of the carbide is faster than that of the matrix and the cooperation of carbide and matrix is poor. Subsequently the abrasive wear resistance of the alloy was decreased. Thus it is important to realize optimized abrasive wear resistance of high Cr Ni cast alloys at elevated temperature by optimizing the cooperation of eutectic carbide and matrix.