ISSN   1004-0595

CN  62-1224/O4

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基于光线反射模型优化的明暗恢复形状方法实现磨损表面微观形貌三维重构的研究

Three-Dimensional Microscopic Morphology Reconstruction of the Wear Surface Based on SFS Technique via the Illumination Model Optimization

  • 摘要: 摩擦学研究中,原位观察磨损表面三维微观形貌有利于减少测试结果与真实尺寸的偏差,获取详细的表面形貌信息,探索摩擦副表面形貌在摩擦磨损过程中的演化. 将视觉分析系统与往复摩擦磨损测试装置联用针对磨损表面进行表征,对不同磨损程度的钛合金磨损表面目标区域进行原位观察,获取二维光学图像,基于钛合金磨损表面光线反射模型优化,利用明暗恢复形状方法生成磨损表面目标区域微观形貌的三维重构视图,计算磨损表面目标区域的面粗糙度高度参数. 为验证明暗恢复形状方法实现三维重构的可靠性,采用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜分析钛合金磨损表面目标区域,得到三维形貌图和面粗糙度高度参数作为参照. 采用 Lambert模型和Phong模型描述磨损程度不同的钛合金表面,均能利用明暗恢复形状方法实现目标区域微观形貌的三维重构,但采用Phong模型时生成的三维重构视图中与激光扫描共聚焦三维形貌图中的几何特征吻合程度更高,并且纹理清晰,计算得到的面粗糙度高度参数数值偏离较小.

     

    Abstract: The in-situ characterization of the three-dimensional microscopic morphology on the wear surface is conducive to reduce the deviation of the measured value from the real size. More detailed information on surface profile might be acquired to explore the morphological evolution of the wear surface during the tribological process. In the work, the wear surfaces had been in-situ characterized by using the visual system attached to the reciprocating tribometer. At different friction stages, the in-situ observation of the target areas on wear surfaces of titanium alloys had been carried out. Once the two-dimensional optical images had been collected, the shape from shading (SFS) technique based on the optimization of illumination model had been performed to generate three-dimensional reconstructed view of microscopic morphology of the target area on the titanium alloy wear surface. Height parameters of the target areas had also been obtained by calculation after three-dimensional reconstruction process. To validate the reliability of SFS technique for three-dimensional reconstruction, the target areas of the wear surface of titanium alloy had been analyzed on a laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) to obtain the three-dimensional topographic images and height parameters as the reference for comparison. It was found that three-dimensional reconstruction of target areas on the wear surface with varying degrees could be carried out by SFS technique with both Lambert illumination model and Phong illumination model which had been applied to describe the nature of reflection of the incident light on the wear surface. More importantly, the three-dimensional reconstructed topographic images derived from Phong illumination model were more consistent with the surface morphology obtained by laser scanning confocal technique. The geometric features on wear surfaces were well textured. The relative deviations of the height parameters of areal field parameter from the LSCM values were also smaller.

     

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