ISSN   1004-0595

CN  62-1224/O4

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车轮多边形激励下高速列车制动界面摩擦学行为分析

Tribological Behavior Analysis of the Braking Interface of High-Speed Trains with Wheel Polygonal Wear

  • 摘要: 高速列车车轮多边形磨耗是一种沿车轮周向的不均匀磨耗,是列车服役过程中常见的车轮失效现象,其产生的剧烈轮轨激励严重威胁车辆系统服役可靠性. 制动系统作为保障高速列车服役安全的核心部件,其界面摩擦学行为直接受到轮轨激励的影响. 为探究车轮多边形激励下的制动界面摩擦学行为,建立了刚柔耦合车辆动力学模型和制动系统热机耦合有限元模型,并分别通过线路试验和台架试验验证了模型的正确性. 然后,提出一种考虑车轮多边形激励的制动界面摩擦学行为分析方法,能够真实地反映服役过程中制动界面摩擦学行为. 基于此,研究了不同车辆运行速度下车轮多边形激励对制动系统动态接触、温度以及振动特性的影响规律. 结果表明:车轮多边形磨耗导致系统接触面积、摩擦热、接触应力和振动等摩擦学行为更为复杂且剧烈. 此外,系统接触面积标准差和振动加速度均方根值随速度的增加而增大. 因此,车轮多边形磨耗对制动界面摩擦学行为具有不可忽略的影响. 该研究成果可为制动系统界面摩擦学行为研究及结构优化设计提供有效方法与工程指导.

     

    Abstract: Wheel polygonal wear of a high-speed train is an uneven wear along the wheel circumference, which is one of the common wheel failure phenomenon during trains operation. It could generate severe wheel-rail interactions that seriously threaten the structural safety and operation reliability of the vehicle system. As a core component to ensure the running safety of high-speed trains, the interface tribological behaviour of the brake system is directly affected by the wheel-rail interactions. Thus, the tribological behaviour of the brake system is extremely complex during braking process with the internal disc-pad frictions and external wheel-rail interactions. To investigate the braking interface tribological behaviour of a high-speed train excited by wheel polygonal wear, a rigid-flexible coupled vehicle dynamics model and a thermal-mechanical coupled finite element model of the brake system were established. Besides, the accuracy of the vehicle coupled dynamics model and the thermal-mechanical coupled finite element model was verified by field experimental test and bench test. Then, a braking interface tribological behaviour analysis method considering wheel polygonal excitation was proposed, which reflected the braking interface tribological behaviour during vehicle operation. In the proposed analysis method, both of the external wheel-rail interactions and internal disc-pad frictions were considered. The wheel-rail interactions were integrated into the method through vehicle dynamics model using the vibration and dynamic forces. Moreover, the measured data of wheel polygonal wear in the field experimental tests was employed in the method to reveal the wheel-rail excitations and braking interface tribological behaviour more realistic. On this basis, the effects of wheel polygonal wear excitation on the tribological behaviour of the brake system from the viewpoint of dynamic contact, temperature and vibration characteristics at different vehicle operating speeds were investigated in detail. The results showed that the wheel polygonal wear led to more complex and intense tribological behaviour of the system in terms of contact area, frictional heat, contact pressure and vibration. In addition, the standard deviation of the contact area and the root mean square value of the vibration acceleration increased with increasing speed. Compared with normal wheels, when the vehicle running speed increased from 50 to 300 km/h, the measured wheel polygonal wear contributed to an increase of 99.7%, 92.8%, 72.3% and 163.7% in the root mean square value of the brake system vibration acceleration, respectively. Therefore, wheel polygonal wear had a non-negligible effect on the tribological behaviour of the braking interface. The research results provided an effective method and engineering guidance for the study of the interface tribological behaviour and the structure design optimization of the brake system. Besides, the proposed models and braking interface tribological behaviour analysis method can be further applied to dynamical and tribological behaviour related assessment of bake system excited by other complex wheel-rail excitations.

     

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