Abstract:
In this paper, to achieve low friction, the magnetic fluid support and lubrication properties based on arrayed magnets were studied. A 3D printed resin material was used as a substrate, and four permanent magnet rings (N35 NdFeB,
Φ5 mm×
Φ2 mm×1 mm) with square array were embedded into the substrate’s surface. When magnetic fluid was injected to the surface of each magnet, a closed liquid structure on the magnet surface can be formed. As a plate approaching to the liquid surfaces, the magnetized fluid as well as the gas sealed in the liquid ring can generate the supporting force. More importantly, such kind of support was not dependent upon relative motion or other facilities. In this way, low friction may be expected even at a very low speed. A home-made supporting force testing system was used to measure the bearing capacities of the liquid structures. Meanwhile, a reciprocating friction tester was applied to verify the lubrication performance of such structures. The supporting test result showed that under the magnetic field, magnetic fluid can produce liquid supporting force due to the magnetization. Since each of the magnetic nanoparticle dispersed in the fluid can be regarded as a tiny permanent magnet, the magnetic dipole in the particles would be rotated and turned along the direction of the external magnetic field. Such magnetizing process of the fluid may produce an attractive force in each particle, which expressed itself as a magnetic body force or magnetic pressure in the liquid. This kind of force may play as the liquid bearing capacity when undergoing the extrusion process. In addition, the gas sealed by the magnetic fluid ring also generated gas support. In the pressing course, based on the ideal gas equation, the smaller gas volume was, the higher pressure it behaved. To enhance the bearing capacity, the magnetic arrays on the substrate surface were designed. The experiment result showed that total support force increased a lot compared with single magnet. Further research found that the support capacity of the arrayed surface decreased with the increase of the magnet center distance. When the center distance of the four magnets was small, the total force was higher than that of the four times of the single magnet. As the center distance was large enough, the effect between each magnet can be ignored and the total force equaled the four times of the single magnet. Besides, the direction of the magnetic pole may also affect the total support behavior. The frictional experiment showed that when the total supporting capacity was greater than that of the normal load, the friction pair was completely separated and a low friction coefficient of 0.005 can be achieved. The friction force only came from the shear of the viscous lubricant. As the bearing capacity was lower than the normal load, friction coefficient increased obviously. As can be seen, the liquid/gas mixed support force formed by the magnetic fluid-sealed structure was significantly higher than that of the single liquid support, and the magnet arrayed structure can further enhance the total support force. For precision sliding mechanisms, "cold welding", adhesive wear and "stick-slip" phenomena seriously affect the service life and movement accuracy of the mechanism. Such design would be significant for solving these phenomena.