Experimental Investigation on Tribological Property of Commercially Available Rosins for Violin Instrument at Room Temperature in Air
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摘要: 松香是提琴类乐器的琴弓/琴弦间产生黏滑现象并导致琴弦自激振动的物理学基础. 本文作者简要归纳了与松香在提琴类乐器使用中相关的摩擦学内容，初步讨论了评价松香摩擦学特性的试验方法，包括摩擦磨损试验用样品及其制备方法，以及摩擦磨损试验机的选择. 本文中以两种提琴类乐器用松香和一种工业用松香为研究对象，主要考察了热熔法与溶剂法制备的松香涂层和松香块体试样的表面形貌等特征，并探讨了这些特征对松香室温摩擦学特性结果的影响. 研究结果表明：以溶剂法制备松香涂层为研究对象时，摩擦磨损试验有较好的试验重复性；减摩、黏滑现象和粉化磨损现象是松香涂层摩擦学行为的主要特征，这些特征与制备工艺、涂层厚度以及对偶材料有关.Abstract: It is rosin that provides the physical basis of playing violin instruments, i.e. stick-slip between bow and string and hence the genesis of self-excited vibration of string. The tribological concept concerning rosin in playing violin instrument is briefly summarized in this study. Accordingly, the experimental investigation of rosin tribology on laboratory-based evaluation should include: (1) types of rosin, preparation and validity of samples for tribological tests, (2) choice of types of tribo-meters. Two kinds of commercially available rosins for cello and a kind of rosin for industry application were chosen in this study. Two kinds of liquid-solid processes, i.e. melting-solidification and solvent-evaporation, were utilized to fabricate rosin coating and rosin bulk material. The tribological properties of the rosin coatings and rosin bulk material were evaluated on a reciprocating tribo-meter with a ball-on-disk configuration. Findings indicated that the data of the tribological property for rosin coating by solvent-evaporation were good in term of repeatability. The tribogical properties of rosin were characterized as friction reduction, stick-slip, and dust wear. These were related to process of coating and bulk material, thickness of rosin coating, and counterpart material.
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Keywords:
- rosin /
- violin /
- tribological property /
- stick-slip /
- dust wear
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图 1 (a)给琴弓的弓毛打松香；(b)演奏时琴弓与琴弦间的摩擦
Figure 1. (a) Burnishing rosin on horsehair. (b) Friction between bow and string in playing cello
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图 2 (a)无松香的弓毛(箭头所指为“顺毛”方向)、(b)涂有松香的弓毛的扫描电镜照片(小方框内为颗粒状，大方框内为类似涂层状)
Figure 2. FESEM micrographs of (a) horsehair without rosin (arrow indicates nap down)，(b) horsehair with burnished rosin
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图 3 松香颗粒的摩擦系数-时间曲线及磨痕图：(a)细松香颗粒；(b)粗松香颗粒. 松香颗粒为Pirastro大提琴松香(9012)所制
Figure 3. Frictional traces and OM micrographs worn surfaces using (a) fine rosin powder and (b) coarse rosin powder. The rosin powder is prepared using Pirastro 9012 for cello.
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图 4 典型的摩擦系数-时间曲线：(a)溶剂法制备的松香涂层；(b)热熔法制备的松香涂层
Figure 4. Frictional traces of rosin coating by (a) solvent-evaporation and (b) melting-solidification in sliding against a GCr15 ball
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图 5 溶剂法制备松香涂层表面的“云图”
Figure 5. Surface morphology of cloud pattern on rosin coatings by solvent-evaporation
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图 6 不同“云图”的波纹度和表面粗糙度、摩擦系数-时间曲线.
Figure 6. Waviness, surface roughness and frictional traces of rosin coatings with distinct surface morphology
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图 7 松香涂层与GCr15钢球对摩时的黏滑现象
Figure 7. Frictional trace of rosin coating in sliding against a GCr15 ball in a lifetime cycle
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期刊类型引用(1)
1. 梁伟. 基于“亥姆霍兹振动”的二胡音量分区训练探析. 南京艺术学院学报(音乐与表演). 2022(01): 144-150 . 
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