Tribological Behaviors of Ni3Al-Based Coating Coupled with Different Counterpart Materials in Wide Temperature Range
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摘要: 采用等离子喷涂法制备Ni3Al基涂层，分别以316L和Al2O3为摩擦偶件，考察25~800 ℃内摩擦偶件材料对涂层摩擦学行为的影响. 结果表明：在软金属Ag析出、BaF2/CaF2脆-塑性转变和摩擦氧化协同作用下，随温度升高Ni3Al/316L和Ni3Al/Al2O3摩擦副的摩擦系数和磨损率具有一致的变化规律，且Ni3Al/Al2O3摩擦副性能更佳. 25 ℃时，涂层与316L对摩时发生黏着磨损和磨粒磨损，而与高硬度的Al2O3对摩时发生脆性剥层和磨粒磨损，使涂层表面更粗糙导致较高的摩擦系数；Al2O3热导率较低，高接触应力作用下产生的大量摩擦热不能及时耗散，剥落材料贮存于剥落坑或黏附于磨损表面，使Ni3Al/Al2O3摩擦副具有较低的磨损率. 200~600 ℃时，高硬度的Al2O3对涂层的犁削作用较强导致Ni3Al/Al2O3摩擦副具有高的摩擦系数；而涂层在Al2O3碾压下发生塑性变形，使其具有较低的磨损率. 800 ℃时，高硬度的Al2O3促使磨损表面形成高氧化物含量的润滑膜，使Ni3Al/Al2O3摩擦副具有低的摩擦系数和高的磨损率.Abstract: The Ni3Al based composite coating was prepared by plasma spraying. The influences of 316L and Al2O3 counterpart material on the tribological behaviors of the coating at 25 ℃ to 800 ℃ were investigated. The results showed that under the synergistic action of precipitation of soft metal Ag, brittle-plastic transformation of BaF2/CaF2 and tribo-oxidation, the friction coefficient and wear rate of Ni3Al/316L and Ni3Al/Al2O3 tribo-pairs had the similar trend with the increase of temperature, and the Ni3Al/Al2O3 tribo-pairs had better performance. At 25 ℃, the coating coupled with 316L adhesive wear and abrasive wear occurred, while brittle peeling and abrasive wear occurred when the coating coupled with Al2O3 of high hardness, resulting in rougher coating surface and higher friction coefficient. However, the thermal conductivity of Al2O3 was low, and a large amount of frictional heat generated under the action of high contact stress cannot be dissipated rapidly. The stripped material was stored in the peeling hole or adhered to the worn surface, resulting in a lower wear rate of Ni3Al/Al2O3 friction pair. At 200~600 ℃, the Al2O3 of high hardness had a strong plough effect on the coating, resulting in a higher friction coefficient of Ni3Al/Al2O3 friction pair. Meanwhile, Al2O3 promoted the plastic deformation of the coating, inhibited the fatigue stripping of the material, and made the coating with lower wear rate. At 800 ℃, the high hardness of Al2O3 promoted the formation of a lubrication film with high oxide content on the worn surface, so that the Ni3Al/Al2O3 friction pair had low friction coefficient but high wear rate.
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Keywords:
- Ni3Al based /
- plasma spraying /
- counterpart /
- wide temperature range /
- tribological property
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图 1 25~800 ℃内涂层分别与316L和Al2O3对摩时摩擦系数的变化曲线
Figure 1. Friction coefficient curves of the coating varying with temperature coupled with 316L and Al2O3
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图 2 25~800 ℃内涂层分别与316L和Al2O3对摩时涂层磨损率的变化曲线
Figure 2. Curves of the wear rate of the coating varying with temperature coupled with 316L and Al2O3
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图 3 涂层与316L在不同温度下对摩时磨损表面形貌的SEM照片：(a) 25 ℃；(b) 200 ℃；(c) 400 ℃；(d) 600 ℃；(e) 800 ℃
Figure 3. SEM micrographs of worn surfaces of the coating coupled with 316L：(a) 25 ℃；(b) 200 ℃；(c) 400 ℃；(d) 600 ℃；(e) 800 ℃
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图 4 涂层与Al2O3对摩时磨损表面形貌的SEM照片：(a) 25 ℃；(b) 200 ℃；(c) 400 ℃；(d) 600 ℃；(e) 800 ℃
Figure 4. SEM micrographs of worn surfaces of the coating coupled with Al2O3：(a) 25 ℃；(b) 200 ℃；(c) 400 ℃；(d) 600 ℃；(e) 800 ℃
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图 5 25 ℃时磨损表面局部放大、磨屑形貌和磨痕截面轮廓：(a~c) Ni3Al/316L；(d~f) Ni3Al/Al2O3
Figure 5. The enlarged wear surface，debris appearances and section profiles at 25 ℃：(a~c) Ni3Al/316L；(d~f) Ni3Al/Al2O3
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图 6 316L和Al2O3的硬度随温度变化曲线
Figure 6. The hardness of 316L andAl2O3 at elevated temperature
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图 7 400 ℃时磨痕和磨屑形貌局部放大
Figure 7. The local magnification of wear morphology and wear debris at 400 ℃
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图 9 800 ℃时磨损表面XPS拟合谱：(a~e) Ni3Al/316L；(f~i) Ni3Al/Al2O3
Figure 9. The fitted XPS spectra of the wear surfaces at 800 ℃：(a~e) Ni3Al/316L；(f~i) Ni3Al/Al2O3
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图 10 800 ℃时磨斑形貌、局部放大和拉曼谱图：(a~c) Ni3Al/316L；(d~f) Ni3Al/Al2O3
Figure 10. The wear morphology，local magnification and Raman spectra of counterpart balls at 800 ℃：(a~c) Ni3Al/316L；(d~f) Ni3Al/Al2O3
表 1 等离子喷涂参数
Table 1 The plasma spraying parameters for the Ni3Al matrix composite coating
Current/
AVoltage/
VAr flowrate，
L/minH2 flowrate，
L/minSpray distance/
mm500 80 140 9 100 
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表 2 316L和Al2O3摩擦偶件的室温物理性能和机械性能
Table 2 Physical and mechanical properties of 316L and Al2O3 counterpart balls at room temperature
Material Density/(g/cm3) Hardness/HV Thermal conductivity/[W/(m·k)] Maximum contact pressure/GPa 316L 7.87 326.69 15.1 1.40 Al2O3 3.95 1 680.30 20 1.65
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表 3 25 ℃时不同摩擦副中磨屑的主要成分
Table 3 EDS analysis results of the debris of different tribo-pairs at 25 ℃ (weight fraction)
Friction pairs w(Ni)/% w(Fe)/% w(Al)/% w(Cr)/% w(Ba)/% w(O)/% w(Ag)/% w(Ca)/% Ni3Al/316L 80.2 5.8 5.6 2.7 1.8 1.7 0.4 0.2 Ni3Al/Al2O3 64.6 − 10.4 5.3 6.8 5.6 2.1 0.9
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